
From left, D.W. Griffith, Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin and Douglas Fairbanks, image via the Library of Congress.
The entertainment industry as we know it irrevocably changed on February 5, 1919, when superstars Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, and D.W. Griffith signed the final documents outlining the organization of United Artists. For the first time, motion picture artists would control all aspects of their films’ production and distribution, putting themselves on an equal footing with studios and moguls. While each of these individuals had earned huge salaries producing films for major corporations like Famous Players-Lasky, First National, and Triangle, they would sink or fail on the success of films they financed on their own.
Business skirmishes and skullduggery influenced the founding of the corporation. In January 1919, the First National Exhibitors’ Circuit held their national convention in Los Angeles, headquartered at the luxurious Alexandria Hotel. While most convention attendees came to celebrate the circuit and hear plans for the next year, its leading executives were plotting takeover strategies for their fledgling circuit only one and half years old.
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