Judge Finds Humility in Journey From Housing Projects to Bench

* Success: Sonia Sotomayor–recently appointed to the federal Court of
Appeals–credits her childhood environment for giving her a 'more
complex understanding of human nature.'

January 3, 1999

By LARRY NEUMEISTER, ASSOCIATED PRESS

NEW YORK
— Though it's sometimes painful to look back on her childhood in the
South Bronx housing projects–the drab kitchen, the drug dealers
lurking in stairwells–Judge Sonia Sotomayor finds much to treasure on
her long path to the nation's second-highest court.

"Your
childhood environment shapes your perceptions, your character, your
sense of values," says Sotomayor, who was appointed to the 2nd U.S.
Circuit Court of Appeals in October.

"To the extent that I lived
in an environment wrought with poverty and the mixture of responses to
it, I had perhaps a much more complex understanding of human nature."

Her
appointment to the appeals court in New York came after an 18-month
delay in the congressional approval process–the latest obstacle for a
woman used to persevering.

She says it was laughter that helped
her survive a childhood in the project buildings and helped her deal
with juvenile diabetes, for which she has taken insulin shots since age
8.

To the public, the 44-year-old judge is best known for a
spring day in 1995 when she presided over a hearing that resurrected
baseball from the ashes of its crippling strike.

But her own
mind goes back to a different day of decision: when she signed her
first judgment of conviction, alone in her office sending a drug
offender to prison.

"That emotion will never leave me–humility,
a deep, deep sense of humility," she says. "And a deep, deep sense of,
'There but for the grace of God could I have gone and many that I have
loved.' "

Finding Inspiration on 'Perry Mason'

As a child
in the projects– where she found she could avoid most danger simply by
staying out of the stairwells–she buried herself in Nancy Drew books
and spent hours watching "Perry Mason" on television, forming a passion
for the law. "I'm a real product of the media age," she says.

She
first dreamed of becoming a detective, like the heroine of the novels
she read, but her diabetes ruled out a physical career.

One
"Perry Mason" episode, ending with the camera fixed on the judge,
helped shape her career goal before she was 10. "I realized that the
judge was the most important player in that room," she says.

The
judge, who has a round face and hair the color of her black judicial
robe, speaks bluntly, with flashes of emotion alternating with
introspection.

Her parents were born in Puerto Rico, and her
father, a tool-and-die maker, died when she was 9. Her mother, a nurse,
always kept a pot of rice and beans on the stove. Sotomayor and her
brother, who became a doctor, had plenty of hungry friends.

Their mother was strict about homework and courtesy and encouraged them to make their own choices.

"Education
for her was paramount," the judge recalls. "When the encyclopedia
salesman came to the door, we were the only kids in the neighborhood
who got the encyclopedias."

As drugs became an increasing menace
in the Bronx projects, her family moved away, though the old
neighborhood has stayed with her.

"There were working poor in
the projects. There were poor poor in the projects. There were sick
poor in the projects. There were addicts and nonaddicts and all sorts
of people, every one of them with problems, and each group with a
different response, different methods of survival, different reactions
to the adversity they were facing," she says. "And you saw kids making
choices."

Her choice was to study hard. She graduated summa cum
laude from Princeton, then became an editor of the Yale Law Journal at
Yale Law School. She then joined the Manhattan district attorney's
office and the board of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education
Fund.

After five years as a prosecutor, she joined the Midtown
law firm of Pavia & Harcourt with the understanding that she would
broaden her experience with commercial litigation and then return to
public service. She was there eight years.

Eclectic Tastes, an Intense Mien

In 1992 she was appointed a federal district judge.

Among
her rulings, she advanced 1st Amendment religious claims by overturning
a state prison rule banning members of a religious sect from wearing
colored beads that had spiritual meaning, and by striking down a law
preventing the display of a 9-foot-high menorah in a town park in White
Plains.

In 1995, she released the suicide note of former White
House aide Vincent Foster, acting on litigation brought by the Wall
Street Journal under the Freedom of Information Act.

With her appointment to the 2nd Circuit, Sotomayor joins a longtime friend, Judge Jose A. Cabranes, who met her at Yale.

"She
was then and she is now sparkling bright and aggressive in the pursuit
of knowledge," Cabranes says. "She was unusually self-confident for a
law student. She was never one to be overwhelmed, as so many of us were
in the first year of law school."

Her newest judicial role
removes her from the raw emotions she saw between litigants, leaving
her to weigh lawyers' quarrels over sometimes arcane legal points.
Nonetheless, she notes, "the papers that are submitted on appeal are
not voiceless."

In a self-analysis reluctantly given, Sotomayor
calls herself "extraordinarily intense" but "very fun-loving." Her
intensity can intimidate people, as it did the paralegal who broke out
in hives each time she faced her.

"It takes people a little bit of time to realize that I'm not forbidding," she says.

Her
tastes range from ballet to baseball, from the Four Seasons to the hot
dog stand on the corner. "I have beer and champagne tastes," she says,
smiling.

The champagne remained on ice for 18 months while her
nomination to the appeals court languished, reportedly because of
concerns by Republicans that she might someday be considered for the
Supreme Court.

Sen. Patrick Leahy, a member of the Senate
Judiciary Committee, told the Senate on Oct. 2 that Sotomayor's rulings
"followed the law" and "there is no basis for a charge that she is or
will be a judicial activist." The vote that day went in her favor,
68-28.

Remaining Mum on Ambitions for Future

Says
Sotomayor now: "I don't think anybody looked at me as a woman or as a
Hispanic and said, 'We're not going to appoint her because of those
characteristics.' Clearly that's not what occurred.

"But I do
believe there are gender and ethnic stereotypes that propel people to
assumptions about what they expected me to be," she continues.

Speaking
like the jurist she is, she says the discussion was a good thing: "So
long as people of goodwill are participating in the process and
attempting to be balanced in their approach, then the system will
remain healthy."

Sotomayor will not say whether she wants to be
on the Supreme Court. The 2nd Circuit is what she applied for, she
says, and where she wants to be.

In November, when she was sworn
in, she hugged and kissed each member of the appeals court and told the
story of her immigrant mother's struggle to give her children a better
life. Her mother sat proudly, wiping tears.